*/class MY_Model extends CI_Model{    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * VARIABLES     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * This model's default database table. Automatically     * guessed by pluralising the model name.     */    protected $_table;    /**     * This model's default primary key or unique identifier.     * Used by the get(), update() and delete() functions.     */    protected $primary_key = 'id';    /**     * The various callbacks available to the model. Each are     * simple lists of method names (methods will be run on $this).     */    protected $before_create = array();    protected $after_create = array();    protected $before_update = array();    protected $after_update = array();    protected $before_get = array();    protected $after_get = array();    protected $before_delete = array();    protected $after_delete = array();    /**     * An array of validation rules. This needs to be the same format     * as validation rules passed to the Form_validation library.     */    protected $validate = array();    /**     * Optionally skip the validation. Used in conjunction with     * skip_validation() to skip data validation for any future calls.     */    protected $skip_validation = FALSE;    /**     * By default we return our results as objects. If we need to override     * this, we can, or, we could use the `as_array()` and `as_object()` scopes.     */    protected $return_type = 'object';    protected $_temporary_return_type = NULL;    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * GENERIC METHODS     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * Initialise the model, tie into the CodeIgniter superobject and     * try our best to guess the table name.     */    public function __construct()    {        parent::__construct();        $this->load->helper('inflector');        $this->_fetch_table();        $this->_temporary_return_type = $this->return_type;    }    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * CRUD INTERFACE     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * Fetch a single record based on the primary key. Returns an object.     */    public function get($primary_value)    {        $this->_run_before_callbacks('get');        $row = $this->db->where($this->primary_key, $primary_value)                        ->get($this->_table)                        ->{$this->_return_type()}();        $this->_temporary_return_type = $this->return_type;        $this->_run_after_callbacks('get', array( $row ));        return $row;    }    /**     * Fetch a single record based on an arbitrary WHERE call. Can be     * any valid value to $this->db->where().     */    public function get_by()    {        $where = func_get_args();        $this->_set_where($where);        $this->_run_before_callbacks('get');        $row = $this->db->get($this->_table)                        ->{$this->_return_type()}();        $this->_temporary_return_type = $this->return_type;        $this->_run_after_callbacks('get', array( $row ));        return $row;    }    /**     * Fetch an array of records based on an array of primary values.     */    public function get_many($values)    {        $this->db->where_in($this->primary_key, $values);        return $this->get_all();    }    /**     * Fetch an array of records based on an arbitrary WHERE call.     */    public function get_many_by()    {        $where = func_get_args();        $this->_set_where($where);        return $this->get_all();    }    /**     * Fetch all the records in the table. Can be used as a generic call     * to $this->db->get() with scoped methods.     */    public function get_all()    {        $this->_run_before_callbacks('get');        $result = $this->db->get($this->_table)                           ->{$this->_return_type(1)}();        $this->_temporary_return_type = $this->return_type;        foreach ($result as &$row)        {            $row = $this->_run_after_callbacks('get', array( $row ));        }        return $result;    }    /**     * Insert a new row into the table. $data should be an associative array     * of data to be inserted. Returns newly created ID.     */    public function insert($data, $skip_validation = FALSE)    {        $valid = TRUE;        if ($skip_validation === FALSE)        {            $valid = $this->_run_validation($data);        }        if ($valid)        {            $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('create', array( $data ));            $this->db->insert($this->_table, $data);            $insert_id = $this->db->insert_id();            $this->_run_after_callbacks('create', array( $data, $insert_id ));                        return $insert_id;        }         else        {            return FALSE;        }    }    /**     * Insert multiple rows into the table. Returns an array of multiple IDs.     */    public function insert_many($data, $skip_validation = FALSE)    {        $ids = array();        foreach ($data as $row)        {            $ids[] = $this->insert($row, $skip_validation);        }        return $ids;    }    /**     * Updated a record based on the primary value.     */    public function update($primary_value, $data, $skip_validation = FALSE)    {        $valid = TRUE;        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('update', array( $data, $primary_value ));        if ($skip_validation === FALSE)        {            $valid = $this->_run_validation($data);        }        if ($valid)        {            $result = $this->db->where($this->primary_key, $primary_value)                               ->set($data)                               ->update($this->_table);            $this->_run_after_callbacks('update', array( $data, $primary_value, $result ));            return $result;        }        else        {            return FALSE;        }    }    /**     * Update many records, based on an array of primary values.     */    public function update_many($primary_values, $data, $skip_validation = FALSE)    {        $valid = TRUE;        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('update', array( $data, $primary_values ));        if ($skip_validation === FALSE)        {            $valid = $this->_run_validation($data);        }        if ($valid)        {            $result = $this->db->where_in($this->primary_key, $primary_values)                               ->set($data)                               ->update($this->_table);            $this->_run_after_callbacks('update', array( $data, $primary_values, $result ));            return $result;        }        else        {            return FALSE;        }    }    /**     * Updated a record based on an arbitrary WHERE clause.     */    public function update_by()    {        $args = func_get_args();        $data = array_pop($args);        $this->_set_where($args);        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('update', array( $data, $args ));        if ($this->_run_validation($data))        {            $result = $this->db->set($data)                               ->update($this->_table);            $this->_run_after_callbacks('update', array( $data, $args, $result ));            return $result;        }        else        {            return FALSE;        }    }    /**     * Update all records     */    public function update_all($data)    {        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('update', array( $data ));        $result = $this->db->set($data)                           ->update($this->_table);        $this->_run_after_callbacks('update', array( $data, $result ));        return $result;    }    /**     * Delete a row from the table by the primary value     */    public function delete($id)    {        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('delete', array( $id ));        $result = $this->db->where($this->primary_key, $id)                           ->delete($this->_table);        $this->_run_after_callbacks('delete', array( $id, $result ));        return $result;    }    /**     * Delete a row from the database table by an arbitrary WHERE clause     */    public function delete_by()    {        $where = func_get_args();        $this->_set_where($where);        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('delete', array( $where ));        $result = $this->db->delete($this->_table);        $this->_run_after_callbacks('delete', array( $where, $result ));        return $result;    }    /**     * Delete many rows from the database table by multiple primary values     */    public function delete_many($primary_values)    {        $data = $this->_run_before_callbacks('delete', array( $primary_values ));        $result = $this->db->where_in($this->primary_key, $primary_values)                           ->delete($this->_table);        $this->_run_after_callbacks('delete', array( $primary_values, $result ));        return $result;    }    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * UTILITY METHODS     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * Retrieve and generate a form_dropdown friendly array     */    function dropdown()    {        $args = func_get_args();        if(count($args) == 2)        {            list($key, $value) = $args;        }        else        {            $key = $this->primary_key;            $value = $args[0];        }        $this->_run_before_callbacks('get', array( $key, $value ));        $result = $this->db->select(array($key, $value))                           ->get($this->_table)                           ->result();        $this->_run_after_callbacks('get', array( $key, $value, $result ));        $options = array();        foreach ($result as $row)        {            $options[$row->{$key}] = $row->{$value};        }                return $options;    }    /**     * Fetch a count of rows based on an arbitrary WHERE call.     */    public function count_by()    {        $where = func_get_args();        $this->_set_where($where);        return $this->db->count_all_results($this->_table);    }    /**     * Fetch a total count of rows, disregarding any previous conditions     */    public function count_all()    {        return $this->db->count_all($this->_table);    }    /**     * Tell the class to skip the insert validation     */    public function skip_validation()    {        $this->skip_validation = TRUE;        return $this;    }    /**     * Get the skip validation status     */    public function get_skip_validation()    {        return $this->skip_validation;    }    /**     * Return the next auto increment of the table. Only tested on MySQL.     */    public function get_next_id()    {        return (int) $this->db->select('AUTO_INCREMENT')            ->from('information_schema.TABLES')            ->where('TABLE_NAME', $this->_table)            ->where('TABLE_SCHEMA', $this->db->database)->get()->row()->AUTO_INCREMENT;    }    /**     * Getter for the table name     */    public function table()    {        return $this->_table;    }    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * GLOBAL SCOPES     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * Return the next call as an array rather than an object     */    public function as_array()    {        $this->_temporary_return_type = 'array';        return $this;    }    /**     * Return the next call as an object rather than an array     */    public function as_object()    {        $this->_temporary_return_type = 'object';        return $this;    }    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * QUERY BUILDER DIRECT ACCESS METHODS     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * A wrapper to $this->db->order_by()     */    public function order_by($criteria, $order = 'ASC')    {        if ( is_array($criteria) )        {            foreach ($criteria as $key => $value)            {                $this->db->order_by($key, $value);            }        }        else        {            $this->db->order_by($criteria, $order);        }        return $this;    }    /**     * A wrapper to $this->db->limit()     */    public function limit($limit, $offset = 0)    {        $this->db->limit($limit, $offset);        return $this;    }    /* --------------------------------------------------------------     * INTERNAL METHODS     * ------------------------------------------------------------ */    /**     * Run the before_ callbacks, each callback taking a $data     * variable and returning it     */    private function _run_before_callbacks($type, $params = array())    {        $name = 'before_' . $type;        $data = (isset($params[0])) ? $params[0] : FALSE;        if (!empty($this->$name))        {            foreach ($this->$name as $method)            {                $data = call_user_func_array(array($this, $method), $params);            }        }        return $data;    }    /**     * Run the after_ callbacks, each callback taking a $data     * variable and returning it     */    private function _run_after_callbacks($type, $params = array())    {        $name = 'after_' . $type;        $data = (isset($params[0])) ? $params[0] : FALSE;        if (!empty($this->$name))        {            foreach ($this->$name as $method)            {                $data = call_user_func_array(array($this, $method), $params);            }        }        return $data;    }    /**     * Run validation on the passed data     */    private function _run_validation($data)    {        if($this->skip_validation)        {            return TRUE;        }        if(!empty($this->validate))        {            foreach($data as $key => $val)            {                $_POST[$key] = $val;            }            $this->load->library('form_validation');            if(is_array($this->validate))            {                $this->form_validation->set_rules($this->validate);                return $this->form_validation->run();            }            else            {                return $this->form_validation->run($this->validate);            }        }        else        {            return TRUE;        }    }    /**     * Guess the table name by pluralising the model name     */    private function _fetch_table()    {        if ($this->_table == NULL)        {            $this->_table = plural(preg_replace('/(_m|_model)?$/', '', strtolower(get_class($this))));        }    }    /**     * Set WHERE parameters, cleverly     */    private function _set_where($params)    {        if (count($params) == 1)        {            $this->db->where($params[0]);        }        else        {            $this->db->where($params[0], $params[1]);        }    }    /**     * Return the method name for the current return type     */    private function _return_type($multi = FALSE)    {        $method = ($multi) ? 'result' : 'row';        return $this->_temporary_return_type == 'array' ? $method . '_array' : $method;    }}